La energía reactiva es la generada por el funcionamiento de determinados aparatos que, mediante la utilización de bobinas, consiguen transformar la energía en campos electromagnéticos.
La energía reactiva es la que se produce en instalaciones eléctricas que cuentan con un transformador o con un motor para su funcionamiento. Por ello, suele estar más presente en grandes industrias o procesos.
La energía reactiva se mide en kilo voltio-amperio hora (kVArh) y no sirve para su consumo por sí sola, debe ser sumada a la energía activa para generar lo que se denomina energía aparente, el tipo de energía que sí consumimos día a día como energía eléctrica.
La energía reactiva está presente en la utilización de los ascensores, los fluorescentes, las bombas y la maquinaria industrial.
Si quieres calcular la cantidad de energía reactiva que está presente en la activa para averiguar la eficiencia de consumo, deberás tener en cuenta el factor de potencia. De hecho, el factor de potencia es el porcentaje de energía activa comparándola con la energía aparente.
De este modo, el resultado que se obtiene gracias al factor de potencia detalla cuál es el porcentaje de energía reactiva y la posible penalización que conlleva por un exceso de uso de este tipo energético.
Dentro de un circuito eléctrico puede haber presencia de varios tipos de energía, destacando la energía activa y la energía reactiva. Hay que tener en cuenta que la energía reactiva no se puede consumir y que, por lo tanto, sirve para que la instalación funcione correctamente. Otras diferencias de estos dos tipos de energía son:
| ENERGÍA ACTIVA | ENERGÍA REACTIVA |
| Se mide en kWh | Se mide en kVArh |
| Energía que sí se puede consumir | Energía que no se puede consumir |
| No produce daños en la instalación | Consecuencias negativas para el circuito eléctrico |
Términos relacionados
Imagina Energía
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