La energía cinética es la energía de un cuerpo en movimiento que se genera por la inercia producida.
La energía cinética corresponde, por lo tanto, es la fuerza que ha de hacerse para que un objeto cambie de su estado de reposo a su velocidad en movimiento. Dicho de otra manera, es la energía potencial que el objeto utiliza y posee debido a su movimiento. Es la potencia o trabajo que ha de realizarse para que un cuerpo pase de su estado estacionario a un movimiento en velocidad. Una vez alcanzada la velocidad, la energía cinética permanece constante a menos que otra fuerza actúe de nuevo sobre el objeto.
Además, es necesario tener en cuenta que la energía cinética es proporcional siempre a la masa y al cuadrado de velocidad. Así, en un movimiento lineal y constante, la fórmula para calcular la energía cinética correspondiente sería:
Ec = (m·v2) / 2
(Ec= energía cinética)
(m= masa en kg)
(v= velocidad con la que el objeto se mueve → m/s)
La energía cinética puede presentarse en el día a día de varias formas y en diferentes ámbitos como:
Además, existen diferentes tipos de energía cinética entre los que destacan la rotacional (cuando el movimiento del cuerpo es rotacional o giratorio como el de la rueda de una bici) y la traslacional (cuando el movimiento corresponde al desplazamiento del objeto).
La energía cinética suele ser representada con el símbolo Ec y para calcularla es necesario tener en cuenta la velocidad del movimiento (v) y la masa del cuerpo u objeto (m).
La fórmula para calcularla es:
Ec = (m·v2) / 2
Por lo tanto, la energía cinética es directamente proporcional a la masa del cuerpo y a la velocidad al cuadrado. Por ello, cuanto mayor sea la masa del cuerpo o del objeto, mayor será también la energía cinética. Del mismo modo, a mayor velocidad, mayor energía cinética también.
Términos relacionados
Imagina Energía
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